house



6 Sheets-Sheet 1.

R. E. HOUSE. ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH APPARATUS.

No.180,090. Patented July 25,1876.

N.PETERS. PHOTO-LITHOGRAPMER, WASHINGTOH. D C.

e SheetS-Sheat 2 ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH APPARATUS. No.18.0.090-. "ifPatented Jul 25,1876.

7712106 6 s as: 2

NJ'ETERS, PHOTO-LITHOGRAPHER, WASHINGTON, D. Cv

6 sheetsfsheet 3' R. E- HOUSE. ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH APP ARATUS. Q, P entedJuly 25,1878. l B a N.FETERS, PHOTD-LITHOGRAPHER, WASHINGTON. D. 04

v 6 Sheets-Shank R. E. HOUSE.

. ELEGTRIC'TELEGRAPH APPARATUS. No. %80,090 .1 ed July 25,1876.

IIIIIIIIII u a A I 'TIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII!FIIIIMI/ g: r t" f fnueltbn NvFEI'ERS. PHOTO-LITHOGRAFHEW. WASHINGTON, n C

6 Sheets-Sheet 5.

R. "E. HOUSE.

ELECTRICTELEGRAPH APPARATUS. No.180,090. Patented July Z5;1876

ll 0 B %%/W Y Mia N. PETERS, PNOTO-LITHOGRAPHER. WASHINGTBH, D c.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ROYAL E. HOUSE, OF BINGHAMTON, NEW YORK.

IMPROVEMENT IN ELECTRIC-TELEGRAPH APPARATUS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 1S0,090, dated July 25,1876; application filed February 20, 1874.

*T0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ROYAL E. HoUsE, of Binghamton, in the county ofBroome and State of New York, have invented a new and useful AutomaticReproducing Record Telegraph for Postal Service; and I do hereby declarethe following to be a fnll,'clear, and exact description of the same,reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of thisspecification, in which- Figure 1, Sheet 1, is an end elevation of theapparatus. Fig. 2, Sheet 2, is a front elevation. Fig. 3, Sheet 3, isatop-plan view. Fig. 4, Sheet 3, is a longitudinal section of thedriving shaft and its attachments. Fig. 5, Sheet 3, is a diagram showinga telegraphline, its ground-plates, and five intermediate stations, oneof which is provided with all the electric connections used at eachstation. Fig. 6, Sheet 3, is a transverse section of the driving-shaft,taken in the line or m, Fig. 4. Fig. '7, Sheet 3, is a. similar sectionof the shaft, taken in the line y y, Fig. 4. Fig. 8, Sheet 4, is a sideelevation of the registering-wheel, showing the calling-in frame,together with the tension and setting deficesfor thepins of the wheel.Fig. 9. Sheet 4, is a top-plan view of the registering-wheel and itsdevices mounted upon the counter-shaft. Fig. 10, Sheet 4, is

a horizontal section ofthe registering-wheel, taken in the line z 2,Fig. 8. Fig. ll, Sheet 4, is a detached section of the registering wheelwith the pins aligned. Figs. 12 and 13,

Sheet 4, are elevations, respectively, of the devices for unlocking thethrowing-out and calling-in frames from the pins of theregisteringwheel. Fig. l4, Sheet 4, is a top-plan view of the magnetfrom which the main shaft of the apparatus is driven. Fig. .15, Sheet 4,is a central vertical section of the receiving-magnet. Fi x- 16, Sheet4, is a longitudinal section of the counter-shaft and sleeves of thecalling-in and throwing'out frames. Fig. 17, Sheet 4, is a section takenthrough the rim of the drivingwheel in the plane of the line 2 2, Fig.18. Fig. 18, Sheet 4, is a vertical section of the apparatus through theline 2 2 Figs. 2 and 3. Fig. 19, Sheet 4, is a transverse sec tion ofthe driving-magnet through the line 2 2 Fig. 14. Fig. 20, Sheet 4, is atop-plan view of the reproducirig-magnet, with the slitting-knives andtheir upright arms removed. Fig. 21, Sheet 4, is a transverse verticalsection of the guidc'bed for the reproducing-instrument, taken in theline 2 2, Fig.3, showing the slitting-knives in elevation. Fig. 22,Sheet 4, shows the several positions of the slitting-knives andeml'mssing-rollers of the reproducing mechanism. Fig. 23, Sheet 4, is atop-plan view of the shears for cutting the fillet of paper, and atransverse section of the guide for directing the paper away from thereproducing devices. Fig. 24, Sheet 4, is a longitudinal section of theinductioncoil. Fig. 25, Sheet 4, is a transverse section of a guidebed,taken through the line 2 2 Fig. 18. Fig. 26, Sheet 5, is a longitudinalsection of the transmitting guide bed. Fi 27, Sheet 5, is a transversesection of the same, taken in the line or 00, Fig. 26. Fi 28, Sheet 5,is a transverse section for the supports of such bed. Fig. '29, Sheet 5,is'a top-plan view of the bed. Fig. 30, Sheet 5, is a transverse sectionof one ofthe lightning-arresters; and Fig. 31, Sheet 6, is a diagramshowing all the electric connections of the apparatus, together with allthe parts of the latter necessary for tracing the course of thecurrents.

Similar letters of reference in the accompanying drawings denote thesame parts.

My invention has for its object to automatically transmit a telegraphmessage recorded in a filletof paper, and to zwtomatically reproducefac-simile copies of such record at any or all thestations of thetelegraphline.

To this end the invention consists, first, in the systemofcoinmunicating message-symbols by means of straight slits in a filletof paper arranged alternately in two parallel lines, each slitrepresenting a symbol distinguishable by its length from all'the othersymbols.

It further consists in the. method of antomatically transmittingelectric telegraph symbols by alternate reversed currents sent throughthe main wire by the vibrations of a local circuit-changer, operated bythe moving fillet of paper containing the message-slits.

It further consists in the automatic transmission of telegraph -symbnlsby alternate electriccurrents induced in the main wire by a movingfillet of paper containing two parallel rows of message-slits, throughwhich two traclriingers alternately drop as the paper moves to operate alocal vibrating circuitchanger.

It further consists in the mechanism and combination of mechanisms bywhich the messages are transmitted.

it further consists in the mode or method ofautomaticallyreproducingelectric-telegraph symbols by the alternate recipi'ocationsof two slitting-knives through a fillet of paper moving over them, thelength of the slits corresponding with the period of time each knife is,in turn, held through the paper, so that the slits reproduced in thefillet of paper at the receiving-station shall be fac-similes of thoseforming the record at the tmnsmitting-station.

It further consists in controlling the electric currents induced in themain line by the length of the message-slits in the record, so that thelength of time between each current will exactly correspond to thedistance between the beginning of one slit and the beginning of the nextadjoining slit in the opposite row.

It further consists in the mechanism and combination of mechanisms forreproducing the message-symbols, and controlling the electric currentsin the main line.

It further consists in the combinatioir of the transmitting andreproducing mechanisms.

It further consists in the mode or method of connecting anddisconnecting the stations of the telegraph-1ilie-that is to say, in themode or method of calling a station into connection with a transmittingstation to receive a message, and of throwing the receivingstation outof communication with the transmitting-station after the message hasbeen sent;

It further consists in the mechanism and combination of mechanisms forconnecting and disconnecting the stations of a line.

It further consists in the combination of the transmitting andreproducing mechanisms, and the mechanism for connecting anddisconnecting the stations of a line.

It further consists in the mode or method of automatically joining thetwo helicesot' the receiving-magnet when a message is being received ata station, for the purpose of increasing the power of the magnet whenreceiving amessage by decreasing the conducting resistance in thereceivingmagnets of all the other stations of the line within reach ofthe current.

It further consists in the mode or method of automatically disconnectingthe two helices of the receiving-magnet, and joining them separately tothe main line, when their station is not receiving a message, for thepur pose of offering less resistance to the passage of the line-currentthrough them.

It further consists in the mechanism and combination of mechanisms bywhich the helices ot the receiving-magnet are automatically joined andseparated.

It further consists in the mode or method of notifying the operator at atransmittingstation that a receiving-station is called intocomnmnication with such transmitting station, and is ready to receivethe message.

It further consists in the mechanism and combination of mechanisms bywhich such notification is effected.

It further consists in the combination, at a telegraplrstation, ot' acalling-in magnet, a reproducingmagnet, a receiving-magnet, and theirelectric connect-ions.

It further consists in the combination, at a telegraph-station, of areceiving-magnet, a

calling-in magnet, and an induction-coil interposed in the main wire.

It further consists in the combination, at a telegraphstation, of areceiving magnet, a calling-in nu'lgnet, a reprod[icing-magnet, aninduction -coil, and two primary helices arranged within theinduction-coil.

It further consists in the construction of the several magnets.

It further consists in their combination with various parts of theapparatus.

It'further consists in equalizing the force of the main-line currents,for the purpose of securing the automatic formation of the message-symbols of the. requisite relative sizes throughout the whole line. andto prevent like message-symbols from differing in length when formed bythe current passing through either primary helix of the induction-coil.

It further consists in the construction of the induction coil with thedouble helix, connecting the local battery with the calling-in magnet ofa station.

It further consists in the combination of an adjustable magnet with theinduction-coil.

It further consists in winding the corresponding helices of thecalling-in magnet, the reproducing-magnet, the receiving-magnet, and theprimary helices of the induction-coil in the same direction, so that theelectric currents shall each move through the circuit of like helices inthe same direction at each station and at all the stations of the line.

It further consists in the mode or method of establishing a uniformmovement of the paper fillets at all the stations of a telegraphline.

It further consists in the mode or method of providing a standardmeasure of time at all the stations of the line, for the purpose ofdetermining the speed of the driving-shafts.

It further consists in the mechanism and combination 0t mechanisms foreffecting such results.

It further consists in the mode or method ot' cutting ofl' a reproducedrecord from the fillet of paper on the guide-bed ot' the reproducingmechanism.

it further consists in the employment of lightning-arresters ot'peculiar construction to conduct strong atmospheric currents along themain line past a station, and prevent them from injuring thereceiving-magnet, and to direct the message currents into thereceiving-magnet, and prevent them from passing the station.

It further consists in the means employed forjoini'ng thelightning-arresters to the main line at a station.

It further consists in the means employed for ascertaining any defect inthe insulation of thelightning-arresters.

It further consists in the method of graduating the power of a localbattery and determining the amount of such power; and it consists,finally, in the construction and combination of various parts of theapparatus, as I will presently describe.

Having thus set forth the general principles of my invention, I will nowdescribe one means by which it may be carried into practice, beginningwith the transmitting mechanism, which is constructed and operates asfollows:

In the accompanying drawings, A is the frame of the instrument,constructed in any suitable manner, and provided with two uprights, A,which support the main drivingshaft B. This shaft is employed to operatetwo sets of feeding deviccs.viz., one set by which the fillet of papercontaining the record is fed through the instrument for transmitting amessage, and the other set for feeding along another fillet of paper, inwhich a received message is recorded, so as to constitute a facsimile ofthe record from which the message was sent.

For a proper understanding of the invention, and to prevent confusion indescription, it is necessary to bear in mind that each station along atelegraphline is provided with two instruments in addition to the one bywhich the record is first made-to wit, one for transmitting andreceiving and one for reproducing a transmitted message. It is evident,therefore, that a message may be received and reproduced at one stationwithout being transmitted to another.

The shaft B is supported in its bearings upon friction-wheels u, placedwithin the uprights of the frame, and is provided with a fly-wheel, (Jand the cylinders D E. These cylinders, in connection withpressure-rollers, are employed to feed the fillets of paper through thetransmitting and reproducing instruments, and are each formed withseveral rows of teeth to take hold of the paper, and with two periph'eral grooves to receive the embossed tracks in the fillets. The groovesshould be the same distance apart, in order to register with each otherand the grooves in the 0 linder of the recording-instrument, so that theembossed tracks in the paper containing the record may fitthe grooves ofall the cylinders.

The shaft is driven by two collars connected thereto, so as to clamp thehub of the drivingwheel between them by frictional contact, and transmitits motion to the shaft. The wheel is driven by electromagnetism, as 1will presently describe. For the purpose of controlling the speed of theshaft, I regulate the frictional contact of the collars and hub of thedriving-wheel by means of a governor, consisting of the crossed leversG, carrying balls F upon their ends, and pivoted together upon the shaftbetween the cylinder D and fly-wheel U by a screw or pin, I. One-half ofthe shaft is cut away for this purpose, and after the parts have beenapplied a protecting-ca I", is placed overthem upon the shaft, as shownin Fig. 4. L L are short links, pivoted at one end to the upper andlower governor-levers, and at the opposite end to a rod, M, extendingwithin the shaft toward the hub of the driving-wheel S, the shaft beingmade hollow for this purpose. The other end of the rod carries a pin, Q,which projects through a slot in the shaft, so as to connect with anexterior collar or ring, P. This collar is adapted to slide freely uponthe shaft, and is formed upon opposite sides with two projections, eachcontaining a conical recess. A second ring, P, is mountedupon the shaft,but is fixed thereto between the ring P and fly-wheel. It is alsoprovided with projections having conical recesses, and the two rings areunited by pointed pins It, placed between them, with their points in theconical recesses. This arrangement is employed to prevent the holdingand guiding pin Q, from binding within the slot of the shaft when thecollar P is being moved by the governor.

The driving-wheel S is made with along hub fitting loosely upon theshaft, and terminating at its inner end in a grooved pulley, h. i is acollar or plate mounted upon the end of the shaft, so as to bear againstthe flat outer end of the wheel-hub, and held in place by the enlargedhead of an adjusting-screw, l, fitting into the end of the shaft. Thecollar is prevented from turning upon the shaft by a short tongueprojecting from its inner circumference into a slot or groove in theshaft, which slot should be of suffieient length to permit theadjustment of the collar and wheel when required. The two collars Pandt' clampsthe hub of the driving-wheel between them, and therebytransmit its motion to the shaft. 9 g are washers of cloth, leather, orother suitable material, placed upon the shaft between the collars P iand the ends of the wheel-hub, for the purpose of increasing thefriction between such parts and preventing wear. H are bent springs,interposed between the governor-levers upon opposite sides of the shaft,and exerting their force outward, so as to spread'the levers apart, andhold the collar P and wheel-hub against the outer collar t-or, in otherwords, to preserve the frictional connection betweenthese two collarsand the hub by spreading the governor-levers, so as to straighten thetoggle-joint formed by the connecting-rod M and links L. WVhen the speedof the shaft becomes too high, the governorballs are thrown outward bycentrifugal force, overcoming the tension of the springs H, and

causing the links L to spread apart, and, by retracting theconnecting-mid M, withdraw the collar P. from the wheel-hub. This breaksthe frictional connection between the two, and allows the shaft todecrease in speed until a reduction of the centrifugal force causes thegovernor balls to approach the shaft, and again establish theconnection. The force with which the wheel-hub is clamped between thecollars is regulated by adjusting the collart' upon the shaft, so as topress the hub with greater or less strength against the collar P whenthe shaft is at rest. This pressure, of course, is continued for alonger or shorter period, according to the adjustment, when the shaft isin motion. The bent springs counterbalance the centrifugal force of thegovernorballs until the shaft has attained or nearly attained the speedrequisite for feeding the fillet of paper in transmitting and recordinga message, and their tension may be adjusted by any suitable means toregulate the centrifugal force required for throwing out thegovernor-balls and disconnecting the frictioncollars from. the wheelhubor, in other words, to determine the speed at which the shaft shallrun to feed the paper; but as the weight of the balls is considerable,and a strong spring is necessary to counterbalance their centrifugalforce, and as the spring requires a very delicate adjustment, I preferto construct the apparatus in such manner that the stout bent springsshall operate to counterbalance the centrifugal force of the balls up tonearly the speed required, and that additional auxiliary springs,capable of line adjustment, shall be employed to furnish the force thatis necessary, over and above theforce of the bent springs. Theseauxiliary springs J J are made in the form of spirals, and are arrangedto connect two governorballs across the shaft, being secured toadjustable frictioupins T, which are held in the balls by set-screws K.By means of the setscrews and friction-pins, the tension of the springsJ can be finely adjusted to iletermine the force required, in excess ofthe bent springs, to counterbalance the centrifugal force of the ballsthat is necessary for disconnecting the friction-collars and wheel-hub.The speed of the shaft, and therefore the movement of the paper, can becorrectly gaged to correspond in all the instruments along the telegraih-line, and thereby insure accuracy in transmitting, recording, and reproducing a message-or, in other words, so that the slits in the lillet0t paper, which constitute the recorded message, shall be of the samelength for the respective signs at all the stations.

The distance to which the governor balls are thrown out centrifngally isfixed by arms I1 arranged between the bentsprings, or by any otherdevice suitable for the purpose. N N are racks projecting transverselyof the shaft from that part of the governor-levers next the liy-wheel,to engage, respectively,

with the upper and lower side of a pinion, K, which ismounted within theshaft so as to rotate at right angles thereto.

This arrangement of mechanism is employed to equalize the movei'nents ofthe governor balls, and is best shown in Fig. 6 of the draw ings. Anequivalent of this device would be an arm from each lever extendingtoward each other from opposite sides of the shaft, and articulated toopposite ends of a lever pivoted in the center to the shaft, whichconstruction I propose to use when desired.

Motion may be imparted to the shaft B in a variety of ways, one of whichconsists in connecting the motor to the grooved pulley 71 by a band; butfor convenience and economy I employ electro-magnetism, in the followingmanner: On the long hub of the driving-wheel is placed aninsuiating-cylinder, 0. provided with two grooved metal bands. I) I),and with two grooved intermediate halfbands, 0 0 which are detached fromeach other at the ends. These various bands are arranged parallel toeach other, the outer one, I), next the wheel, and the inner one, b onthe inner end of the hub.

w w 20 20 are metallic joints attached to the frame of-the machine,beneath the drivingwheel, to support upright arms g in front and rear ofthe hub, and a a Ma are beveled roll crs, hung upon the upper ends ofthe upright arms, so as to lit within the grooved bands in the followingorder, viz: the roller 0, within the half-band 0 the roller a upon thesame side of the hub within the band b, the roller a within the band I),and the roller a within the half-band 0.

a are insulatingeveners, connecting each pair of upright arms 3 uponopposite sides of the hub, and a is a spiral sprii'ig, connecting thetwo eveners, so as to draw the arms toward the wheel-hub, and press thebeveled rollers equally against the grooved bands.

The positive and negative poles of the battery employed are connected,respectively, to the joints to and 20 while the two remaining joints, to20 receive, in the order named, the ends 0 and 0 of a helix placedwithin a magnet, D, which is suitably arranged upon the frame, andproperly insulated therefrom. This magnet is composed of two covers orplates, 0 O, of soft iron, mounted one upon the other, so as to inclosethe helix between them; but the helix is insulated from the covers, andits convolutions are insulated from each other.

10 is a rock-shaft, (shown in Fig. 14,) arranged diametrically ot' thecovers, and pro vided with a series of permanent magnets, s, which arealternately attracted and repelled to oscillate the shaft when thecharge of elec tricity from the battery is sent through the helix tomagnetize the covers. 20 is an upright rod firmly tixed to therock-shaft of the magnet, and jointed at its upper end to an arm, Z,which, in its turn, is pivoted to wristpin on the side of thedriving-whecl.

By this means the driving-wheel is rotated when the rock -sh aft isoscillated by the changes of polarity in the magnet. By giving thepermanent magnets 5- along oscillation within the softiron covers, andarranging the wrist-pin of the driving-wheel to correspond therewith,more power is obtained from the same magnet than could be obtained ifthe oscillations were short. For this purpose the covers are so con---allel magnets in one direction to move the driving-wheel, and as thelatter rotates it brings the half-band c in contact with the negativeroller a, and the half-band u in contact with the positive roller a. Theband b having a suitable connection with the haltband a, conducts thecurrentto "the roller a, and thence to the end 0 of the helix, for thepurpose of changing the polarity of the magnet and oscillating theroclrshat't in the opposite direction. By this constantchangein thepolarity of. the magnet the rock-shat'tis oscillatcd to rotatethedriving-wheel-continuously, as above stated.

For the purpose of equalizing and regulating the speed of the shaft Iemploy a governor in connection with the driving-wheel, and to preventan unnecessary waste of power generated by the battery I employaresistance-coil in connection with the governor. This governor iscomposed of a ring, 00 held at the face of the driving-wheel by radialarms 100 which together form a rock-shaft, having its bearings at therim of the wheel, but insulated therefrom. The ring is further providedupon opposite sides, at right angles to the shaft, withtwogovernor-balls, 00, arranged in line with each other, one being adaptedto carry a platinat'aced coinlucting-roller, 00 The normal position ofthe governoris such as to hold the two balls at an angle with the faceof the driving-wheel, and is effec ed by means of an adjustable spiralspring, a, connecting the end of an adjusting-pin, 'v, at the inner faceof the wheel, with an arm, 2L2, projecting fromthe ringinward toward thewheel-hub. The terrsion of this spring pulls the inner end of the armoutward toward the face of the wheel, and, therefore, holds the twoballs inclined to its axis of rotation. '21 1) are conductingsprings,insulated from and arranged beside each other upon the wheel outside thegovernor. One end of each is secured to, butinsulated from, the wheel,while the opposite end is free and lies in the path of thegovernorroller 41?. When the driving-wheel is at its lowest speed thegovernor-balls occupy their greatest inclination to its face, and holdthe roller .00 outside and out of contact with the condnoting-springs.As the speed increases the governor is thrown in by centrifugal forceaxis of rotation, and, therefore, carries the roller in contact, first,with the outer spring a, and then with the inner spring a. The tendencyof the spring '0 is to counterbalance the centrifugal force of thegovernor, and return it to its normal position, as above stated. Theouter springo has electric connection with the half-band c on the wheel-hub, and the governor ring has asimilar connection with the whole band0. When, therefore, the current of electricity is sent through thepositive roller (1, into the half-band 0 it passes from the latter tothe outer spring a, and if the drivingwheel is moving at low speed, soas to carry the roller w in contact with such spring, the current passesalong the spring to the roller, thence down the roller-ar1u to the ring,and into the band I). From the band I) it passes to the helix foroscillating the permanent magnet, the rotationof the driving-wheelchanging the direction of the current from the positive roller to thehalf-band c and band b the two being directly connected, and, therefore,changing the polarity of themagnct, and continuing the rotation of thewheel, as hereiubefore described. i

Now,'it' the governor-rollershould constantly maintain its contact withthe outer conducting-spring '0, the speed of the driving-wheel wouldincrease until it attained too high a velocity for practical purposes.This is apparent from the fact that after the first changein thepolarity of the magnet; the wheel acquires a certain momentum, whicheffects the next clta-r'rge a little sooner, and so on, until the wheelwould be accelerated to such an extent as to make the current ofelectricity through the magnet almost continuous. This, ofconrse, wouldconsume the whole power of the battery, and therefore exhaust it muchsooner than it' only that power, or approximately that power, isemployed to drive the wheel at the requisite speed.

To, prevent this exhaustion and waste of power, the inner spring a isemployed, in connection with a resistance-coil, a, which, forconvenience. is wound upon the periphery of the driving wheel, althoughit may be located at any point upon the frame of the instrument bysuitable means. One end of the-resistancecoil is connected to the innerspring a, and the opposite end to the outer spring a. When the speed ofthe wheel becomes so great that its centrifugal force carries thegovernor-roller inward, in contact with the-inner spring a, and sobreaks the circuit through the outer spring a, the positive currentpassing from the half-band c to the outer spring a, as above described,goes through the resistancecoil to the inner spring a, thence to thegovernorroller, and so on to the magnet, following the course alreadydescribed.

1 Since the short circuit formed by the govto a position nearer at rightangles to the ernor-roller and outer spring is broken by the centrifugalforce of the governor, the only course for the current to follow isthrough the resistance-coil. This diminishesthe current somewhat, andtherefore slackens the speed of the wheel to a slight extent, and allowsthe governor-roller to move. outward toward the outer spring c, andagain break the circuit through the resistance coil. The governorroller,therefore, acts as a circuitbreaker, breaking the circuit with onespring and closing it with the other alternately. It maintains aconstantvibration from one to the other, apiuly throwing theresistancecoil into and out of the circuit, and consequently sustainingthe wheel at a uniform velocity without exceedingthe minimum quantity ofbattery-force required to perform the work.

When the instrument is at rest, the spring a holds the governor-rolleroutward from the shaft B, and breaks the Connection with both springs vand a. To start itin motion,l have provided a holder, 0 pivoted to theinner face of the tly-wheel, being insulated therefrom. turning downthis holder it presses against the inner governor-ball, and forces thegovernor-roller inward in contact with the outer spring 1;, to close thecircuit from the battery to the magnet. After the wheel has acquiredmomentum, the holder 0 is auto matically thrown back against the wheelby coming in contact with a trip or stop, 20, pivoted to a shortupright, 10', of the frame beneath the driving wheel. The stop isweighted, as shown at a so as to keep it out of contact with the holderuntil it is swung into the path of the latter by the operator.

WV hen the power of the battery is too slight to impart the requisitemotion to the drivingwheel, the governor-roller is thrown inward by thecounterbalancing-spring o, to break the circuit and stop the instrument,thus preventing it from transmitting or recording at too low a speed.

An induction -coil and local battery are placed at each station, and themain line is operated by passing a current from the battery alternatelythrough two helices contained within the coil, but wound in oppositedirections, as I will more particularly point out at its proper placeherein. In transmitting a message, therefore, from one station toanother,-the main line is worked by an induced current alternatelyreversed. The mechanism for effecting this reversion is constructed asfollows, being operated by the fillet of paper containing the record tobe transmitted as it is drawn through the instrument by the feedcylinderE when the driving-shaft revolves.

t) is a guide-bed, having a sleeve, 0', se cured to its under side, soas to fit over an upright shaft, 0, upon the main frame, and hold thebed in a horizontal position in line with the teed-cylinder E in rearthereof.

The upright shaft is insulated from the main frame, and a frontprojection, 12, of the sleeve is connected by a flat spring, a, with anadjustable holder, at, attached to one of the front uprights of theframe. This forms a yielding connection, and permitsa slight latealswing to the bed, for the purpose of compensating for any irregularitiesin the movements of the paper containing the record to be transmitted,and to insure the proper guidance thereof to the teed-cylinder. Theextent of this lateral swing is regulated by adjusting the holder 92upon its upright. in m, Fig. 29, ace two parallel grooves formedlongitudinally in the upper surface of the guide bed to receive theembossed tracks made in the record by the recordirig-instrument, Theyare necessarily the same distance apart as the grooves in thefeed-cylinder, and are also in line therewith, as shown. 2" is the innerside of the guidebed, raised somewhat, and made adjustable by anyconvenient means to regulate its position for guiding the edge of thepaper, so that the embossed tracks shall be directed and held within thegrooves of the bed. This adjustable side is also formed with recessesalong its inner edge, as shown in Fi 29, for the purpose of preventingthe edge of the paper from curling up or wrinkling as it is drawn overthe bed. i is a pressure-bar arranged upon, the opposite edge of theguide-bed, being secured to crossbars 6 2', which slide within deeptransverse grooves cut in the bed. The cross-bars are formed withshoulders to bear against the edge of the moving paper and hold it up tothe gage-side 1', while springsf,attached to the outer edge of the bedand bearing agaii'ist the pressure-bar, cause the shoulders to act witha yielding pressure, and therefore coir form to the varying width of thepaper. The pressure of the bar is regulated by set-screws f passingthrough the outer tixed'edge of the bed, so as to bear against thesprings, and the movement of the bar toward the gageside, after thepaper has passed out, is limited by a pin, f driven into the bed nearthe outer groove, as shown. at is a cover hinged at the inner edge ofthe guide-bed to hold down the fillet of paper, the amount of pressurewith which it bears upon the latter being regulated by a set-screw, f",passing upward through the bed, so that the cover shall rest upon itspoint. The cot'er may be held down by a spring, if desired 5 but Iprefer to employ a weight, It, pivoted to one of the hinges, so that itmay be swung round to regulate the weight of the cover on theadjusting-screwf The ends of the cross-bars '1' 2' project through theadjustable gage-side i of the bed,just beneath the upper leaves of thecoverhinges, and, when the cover is thrown open, these upper leaves bearagainst. the projecting ends of the bars and force back theguideshoulders, thus preparing the bed to receive the paper filletcontaining the record for transmission.

Two parallcl V-shaped ribs or rails extend along the under side of thecover in such a position as to fit into the grooves of the bed, for

the purpose of properly-guiding the fillet of paper and preserving theform of the embossed tracks therein as it is drawn along over the bed.

70' is a short horizontal shaft, so secured to the edge of t he cover asto extend across the middle thereof, and c e are hubs mounted looselythereon. e c are light metallic track-fingers secured to the hubsparallel to each other and extending forward of the same, so that theirpoints shall project down through openings in the cover and its ribs,and rest in the embossed tracks of the paper fillet on the bed beneath.

Each hub is also provided with a short arm, extending along thetrack-fingers, and the arms carry set-screws k at the end, the points ofwhich bear against the sides of such fingers.

j is a block secured to the cover in front of the fingers, and formedwith narrow slots, through which the ends of the fingers pass. Theseslots guide the fingers in the embossed tracks of the paper, while theset-screws 7c serve to accurately adjust the position of the fingerswithin the tracks, and prevent friction against the sides of the slots.

Springs k, secured at one end to the hubs ot' the fingers, and at theother end to a suitable part of the cover, hold the fingers down withinthe tracks with a yielding pressure.

j is the handle, pivoted to the top of the cover in rear of thetrackfingers, and pro vided with a weighted extension, j, which holds itin an upright position by resting upon the cover in rear of the pivot.

The front of the handle near the pivot is formed with a right-angularprojection, as

shown in Fig. 26, one arm, 9', of which extends over the short rear endsof the trackfingers, and, when the handle is swung forward, bears downupon them to raise the points from the tracks oflthe paper. The otherarm,j, extends downward, and limits the forward movement of the handleby coming in contact with the cover.

if desired, the trackfingers may be connected with the cover in manydifierentways without departing from the principle of my invention inthis regard, which consists in .adapting such track-lingers to pressupon the embossed tracks of the paper with a yielding action, and to beraised for the insertion of the record in the guide-bed.

b is a fixed pin upon the under side of the guide-bed in front of thesleeve, and g is a permanentmagnetic bar, secured centrally to the lowerend of the pin,so as to lie in a horizontal position. b is a shorthorizontal shaft secured to the under side of the guide-bed to receivethe hub b ofa pendent arm, 0, and form a bearing, upon which said armswings from side to side under the guidebed. The

lower end of the arm terminates in a soft-iron ring, g, th rough whichthe magnet g proects to limit the lateral swing of the arm.

b is a steel or other rock-bar, extending across the top of the hub,with its ends immediately beneath the points of the trackfingers.

record is moved over the guide-bed, the points of the track-fingersalternately pass down through the slits which form the record, and liealong the embossed tracks, and bear upon the ends of the rock-bar, tooscillate the swinging arm 0.

c c are platina hammers, secured to opposite sides of the swinging arm0, to alternately strike the faces of two platina anvils, 9 9, when thearm is vibrated. The air vils are supported by arms pivoted to oppositesides of the fixed pin b, being insulated therefrom and from each other.They are also made adjustable by any suitable arrangement of devices. Inthis instance their inner faces are inclined downward and outward, sothat the adjustment may be effected by swinging the arms on their pivotsto raise and lower the anvils. Each anvil is connected to the localbattery by a separate wire, t", which passes first through one helix ofthe reproducing-magnet, then through one helix of the calling-in magnet,and lastly through a helix contained in the induction-coil.

y is a bent support, secured to the under side of the guide-bed in frontof the vibrating arm 0, and bearing upon the upper side of point, 3 isplaced opposite the first upon the under side of the guide-bed, and thetwo points is a bent lever, hung to the lower front edge of theguide-bed, in such a manner that the. platina hammers on the upper andlower sides of its rear end shall alternately strike the points y y.This end of the lever is weighted, so that its lower hammer shall bearupon the lower platina point when at rest. The opposite endextendsupward a little above the level of the guide-bed, where it terminates ina scroll or curvature, y, over which the record-fillet passes when drawnalong by the feed mechanism. The Weighted lever is insulated from theguide-bed, and connected by a wire, it, with that pole of the localbattery opposite the pole with which the wires t? of the anvils 9 g areconnected; or, in other words, the wire fromthe weighted lever. isconnected with the positive pole of the battery, and the wires from theanvils g g are connected with the negative pole.

V is a lever, pivoted at K t one of the uprights of the frame above thefeed-cylinder E, and carrying at its lower end a horizontalpressure-roller, V, covered with leather or other suitable material. Aspring, K attached at one end to'the frame or to the pivot K and bearingwith its opposite end upon the lever, holds the pressure-roller againstthe feed-cylinder with a yielding pressure, so that the teeth or pointsof the latter shall seize and feed the paper along without danger of itsslipping. The spring K is made adjustableby When the fillet of papercontaining the its arm a platina point, 1 Another like.

are properly insulated from each other. y

any suitable means to regulate the pressure of the roller against thecylinder. The upper arm of the roller-lever terminates in a fingerpiece,adapted to engage with a latch, rrr, pivoted to the upright of theframe, for the purpose of holding the pressureroller out of contact withthe teed-cylinder when desired.

When a message is to be transmitted the fillet ofpaper in which it hasbeen cut by the recording-instrumentis placed upon the guidebed underthe cover, and passed to the feedcylinder over the curved upper end ofthe weighted lever 9 The pressure-roller is then let down to hold thepaper up against the feed-cylinder, which is in motion, as alreadyexplained. As the fillet of paper is drawn along, its tension bears downthe curved end of the weighted lever y, and throws up its inner end, sothat the upper platina hammer thereon shall be held in contact with theupper platina point g on the guide-bed. The points of the track-fingers,riding along in the embossed tracks of the paper, drop through the slitstherein, to alternately press down the ends of the rock-bar b, and movethe pivoted arm 0 to the right and left.

The permanent magnet g at the end of the pin b attracts the soft-ironring forming the lower end of the arm 0, and holds it against recoil orrebound until the arm is again moved by the alternate pressure of thetraclrfingers. These vibrations of the arm 0 carry its hammers c 0alternately in contact with the anvils g'g, and thus establish a circuitfrom the positix'e pole of the local battery, through the weighted levery, to one or the other of the wires attached to the anvils, and fromthese wires through the helices of the recordingand calling-in magnetsabove named; thence through the helices of the inductioncoil in the mainline, and back to the negative pole of the battery. The vibrations ofthe arm 0 therefore make and break the circuit through the wires of theanvils g g, and thus alternately reverse the direction of the currentinduced in the main line; or, in other words, the currents arealternately sent through the helices of theinduction-eoil in oppositedirections to induce alternately reversed currents in the main line. Thelength of time during which the currents are induced through the mainline depends upon the length of the slits in the record, which, ofcourse, re-

tain the track-fingers in contact with the ends of the rock-bar aproportionate length of time. As the signs which constitute. themessagesymbols are formed by slits ofdifferent lengths in the fillet ofpaper, it follows that the time between the duration of the electriccurrents induced in the main line will exactly correspond to thedistance between the beginning of one slit and the beginning of the nextadjoining slit in -the"opposite row of the record from which they areproduced, as above set forth. If, therefore, these induced currents aremade to produce other slits in a fillet of paper, such slits will befacsimiles of those in the first fillet or transmitted record. Thisreproduction of a transmitted record at any of the stations along thetelegraph-line forms a succeeding step in my invention, which I willpresently describe.

1 is a curved guide, secured to one of the uprights of the frame beneaththe feed-cylinder E, for the purpose of directing the fillet of paperaway from the guide-bed and out of the instrument after the record hasbeen transmitted. After the fillet of paper has passed out of theinstrument or ceases to move, the pressure upon the curved end of theweighted lever y is reliet'ed, and its weighted end drops down so thatthe platina hammer on its under side shall rest upon the platina pointy. This breaks the connection with the upper point y, and sends thecurrent from the local battery to the receiving-magnet D through a wire,it, connecting the oscillating shaft (1 of such magnet with the lowerplatina pointy.

Each station on the line is provided with a magnet, by which the messagetransmitted from another station is received and communicated to thereproducing magnet or instrument. The reeeiving-magnet is indicated by Din the drawings, and is composed of two annular covers, 0 O, of softiron, mounted one upon the other, so as to inclose two helices, c anda", between them, as shown in Fig. 15, one helix being placed within orsurrounded by the other. They are wound in the same direction andinsulated from the covers and from each other, while the convolutions ofeach are also properly separated by insulation.

0 and o are, respectively, the outer and inner ends of the outer helix,and 0 and o are, respectively, the outer and inner ends of the innerhelix. The inner helical wire is made considerably shorter than theouter. and therefore possesses only about one-fourth the conductingresistance of the latter, so that when a current is sent through bothhelices simultaneously it will contain more magnetic power in proportionto the conducting resistance of the helices than it would if the lengthof the two helical wires were equal. The outer end 0 of the outer helixand the inner end 0 of the inner helix are connected directly with themain telegraph-wire 1 as shown in Fig. 31, while the inner end 0 of theouter helix and the outer end 0 of the inner helix are adapted to beautomatically connected when a message is received and reprodi'iced, butseparated when the station to which they belong is not receiving amessage, as I will hereinafter describe. d is a rock-shaft, arrangedacross between the covers, and supported at the ends by knife-edgessecured to the lower cover. It is provided with a series of permanentmagnetic needles, d, placed parallel to each other, which arealternately attracted and repelled to oscillate the shaft when theinduced currentin the main line is sent through the helices c an)magnetize the covers. d

pulsations of the is an upright arm, mounted upon the magnetic needles,and carrying a cross-bar at its top. The ends of the cross-bar areprovided with platina hammers d, which, when the arm is vibrated by themagnetic needles, alternately strike against platina anvils d upon thefaces of the collars or rings (1 These rings are fixed eceentrically tothe tops of stems d which, in their turn, are supported in uprighttubular bearings or shafts d, mounted upon the upper plate 0 ot' themagnet. The eccentrics are insulated from the soft-iron covers, and fromthe tubular bearings, by means of insulating-tubes d d placed around thestems within the bearings, as shown in Fig. 15, so as to hold the lowerends of the stems above and out of contact with the magnetcover 0. Theinsulating-tubes are each formed with a flange at its upper end, whichholds the eccentrics out of contact with the top of the tubularbearings, and therefore insulates one from the other. Any other methodof insulation may be adopted, of course, the object being to insulatethe eccentrics from the magnet-covers and tubular bearings. By means ofthe eccentrics the position of the anvils can be adjusted to regulatethe throw of the hammers upon the vibrating arm when desired, theeccentrics being held in place by the frictional contact of their stemswith the insulating-tubes. The stems of .the eccentrics are connected bywires (1 and d with the anvils 9 9 of the transmitting-instrument, orwith the wires of such anvils, as shown in Fig. 31. The wires d and (1pass through the sides of the tubular bearings (1., and are properlyinsulated therefrom.

When a message is to be received at the designated station, the weightedlever 31 ot' the trausmitting-instrument rests down upon the platinapoint y, which, as hereinhet'ore stated, is connected by a wire with theshalt d of the receiving-magnet, and the inner and outer lielices of thelatter are automatically joined, so as to term one long helixinterposedin the main line. The induced currents or main line, which constitutethe measure of the message-symbols transmitted, and the index of thosereproduced, are alternately sent through the long helix inoppositedirections, to oscillate the shaft d of the receiving-magnet, bychanging the polarity in its sot't-iron covers for each symbol.

The oscillations of the shaft vibrate the upright arm (1 and carry itsplatina hammers d alternately in contact with the platina anvils on theeccentrics d \Vhen this contact is eit'ected, the electric current fromthe positive pole of the local. battery passes, through or along thewire 1. Fig. 251, and in termediate devices, tothe'shat't d and its armd; thence through the eccentrics and stems to the wires 1 and (1, andfrom thence along the wires of the anvils g! g through the reproducingand calling -in magnets, and finally through the primary helices of theinduetion-coilto the negative pole of the batterv.

It will thus be seen that the polarity ofithe receiving-magnet ischanged by the reversal of the currents in the main line, while thecalling in and reproducing magnets are worked by the direct or primarycurrent from the local battery. The action of the primary current uponthe reproducing-magnet and its devices is continued as long as thecontact is maintained between the hammers and their respective anvils inand this contact continues in each case until the shaft d is oscillatedby the reversal of the currents in the main line, which, as abovedescribed, is effected. by the track-fingers of thetrai'ismitting-instrument working in the slits ot' the record beingtransmitted, to vibrate the circuit-changing arm 0. The duration of thecontact between thehammers and anvils of the receiving-magnet, beingthus governed bythe lengths of slits in the record transmitted, causesthe reproducing devices to remain in action acorresponding length oftime, as I will presently show in describing their construction andoperation. Therefore the record from which the message is sent at thetransmittingstation will be reproduced in t'ac-simile at thereceiving-station.

The primary. helices ot' the induction-coil are all so wound withrespect to such coil that the currents which they induce therein (by thepassage through them of theprimary current from the local battery) shallbe in prolongation of the respective pulsations or currents which sendthe message. For example, in transmitting a message one current forminga symbol will move along the main wire-say, eastward-and the currentfrom the local battery at the receiving-station will pass through thevarious instruments at that station, and through its proper helixintheinduct-ioucoi-l back to the battery; but its db rccti. it throughthe helix will besuch as to induce an eastward current in-the mainlinein prolongation of the symbol -current and when the symbol-currentis reversed, thc'current in the induction-coil will be also reversed.The winding of the induction-coils and their helices must be,respectively, the same at all the stations of the main line, so thateach induced current in such line shalt be in the same directiont'rout'each induction-coil, to augment and re-ent'orce themessage-currents by the local battery at each station of the linebetween the transmitting and receiving stations. 7

' 1) represents the induction-coil interposed in the main wire 15 1,",and D D the helices wound therein, one within the other, around acentral core, D, of soft iron. They are each joined to the localbattery, the calling-in and reproducing magnets, as hereinbet'oredescribed, and are of such length and size asto produce by one batteryan equal amount of magnetism in the core.

the receiving magnet,-

ing resistance of the induction-coil as much as would be the case if thecoil were increased in diameter instead of in length.

The special advantage arising from the use of a double or compoundhelix, in connection with the induction-coil and one battery, is, thatit insures uniformity in the force of the currents induced in the mainline, and there-- fore secures the automatic formation of then'iessage-symbols of the requisite relative sizes throughout the wholeline; or, in other words, the currents from one battery will be the samein force, whether passed through one or the other helix, and willconsequently prevent like message-symbols from dilt'ering in length whenformed by the passage ol" the current through either helix.

Two batteries-one for each hclixcould not be practicality employed,because of the constant liability of the current from one to differ inforce from the current from the other, thereby preventing their uniformaction, and destroying the possibility of automatically making themessage symbols of the requisite sizes.

It an adjustable resistancecoil were used in connection with an ordinarygalvanometer in each circuit, and the resistance adjusted to make thecurrents equal, the two batteries might work very well attirst, andt'ora limited time; but as the batteries would diminish in forceirregularly, the same dil'ticulties arising from want of unitbrmity inthe force ot'the two currents would occur, unless the resistance wereconstantly adjusted by suitable means. It' but one primary helix shouldbe used in the induction-coil, and the primary current should be brokenand closed by one of the platina anvils and hammers, the ad vantage ofusing the power of the local battery to 'demagnetize the iron core inthe induction-coil would be lost in the transmission of eachmessage-symbol; or, it' a reverser should be substituted, so as to beoperated by the recciring-magnet to reverse the primary current of asingle primary helix in the iiiduction-coil at each transmission of amessagesymbol, there. would be an occasional imperlect reversion of thesymbol currents in the consequence ot'the lack of power in thereceiving-magnet to work the reverser.

in transmitting a message, the station to which it is sent forreproduction is first called in that is to say, put in communicationwith the transmitting-station through the main wire.

To accomplish this, each station on the telegraph line is provided withtwo distinct signals, not employed at any other station-4o wit, one forthrowingthe reproducingdevices into operation, and the other forthrowing them out of operation. in the repetition of a message-symbolagreater number of times than it is formed consecutively in any oneword. For example, the repetition of the letter A four times may be thesignal for calling in one station, and the repetition of the letter Bfour times the signal for calling in another station, and so on. Thesesignals are cut in the record the same as the other message-symbols, butare only ett'ective to control the re 'iroducing devices at the stationfor which they are designed, or for which they form the index.

When a record or tillet of paper is cut for transmittal to a particularstation, the callingin signal for that station is out just in front, ofor before the message, and the signal for throwing out the station, orrather its reproducing devices, is cut in the paper immediately afterthe i'nessage, so that when the record is laid in the guidebed at thetransmitting-station, and the feeding devices set in motion, it willautoimitically call in the proper receiving-station, transmit themessage thereto, and then throw its reproducing devices out ofoperation.

The mechanism for calling in a stationand for the reproduction of amessage thereat is constructed as follows: 1)" is the magnet ot' thereproducing devices, and l) the callingin magnet. The latter is arrangedunder the frame of the instrument, in line with the registering-wheel,aml the former has a special arrangement, as I will presently show.These. magnets are each composed of two sol't-iron annular covers, 0 O,inclosing two helices wound one within theother, and ot' oscillatingcross-shafts carrying permanent magnet-needles, the construction inthese several respects being the same as the receiring-magnet l).

'lhcouter endsot' the two helices in the mag net I) are, respectively,joined to the wires of the anvils 9 9 in the transmitting mechanism,while the inner end of the outer helix and the inner end of the innerhelix arejoined, respectively, to the DI t 1' ends of the two hi1 icesin the magnet D. Theinner ends of these latter helices are connected,respectively, with the two primary helices in the inductiou-coil,-asshown in Fig. 31.

The winding of the correspondinghelices in the magnets l) D, as well asin the receiving-magnet I), must be in the same direction at all thestations, in order to maintain the same direction for each currentthroughout the line. (1 (Z are upright arms mounted upon the parallelneedles of the calling-in magnet D, upon opposite sides of thecross-shaft,

These signals consist so as to extend upward through an opening in thebottom of the frame, as shown in Fig. 2.

The upper ends of the arms are united at the top by a cross-bar, m theends of which carry metallic plates m having faces inclined toward eachother from opposite sides of a registering pinwvheel, l as shown inFigs. 8 and 10.

When the primary current from the local battery is alternately sentthrough the helices of the calling-in magnet, it oscillates theshaftthereof by the magnetism of the soft-ironcovers, and thereforevibrates the plates m to alternately strike the ends of the pins anddrive them through the wheel. keyed to a countei shaft, E, having itsbearings in the twofront uprights of the frame beneath the driving shaftB and parallel there with. The counter-shaft E is provided. withfriction-wheels n, which support the drivingshaft B, and thereforecommunicate its motion to such counter-shaft. Any other convenient meansmay be employed for driving the countershat't from the shaft B; but Iprefer the friction-wheels as being the most simpleand affording theminimum amount of friction.

The wheel E is constructed with a grooved periphery, and through theparallel flanges thereby formed at the edges are passed a series oftransverse pins, we, so as to move freely from side to side. The pinslie parallel to each other, and form a row entirely around the wheel,with their ends projecting a little beyond the faces of the latter. ofis a hand, passing around the wheel between the flanges, and bearingupon the pins to keep them in place, save at the bottom of the wheel,where the pins receive upon their ends the action of the inclined platesin". At this point the band extends below the wheel around a pulley, mand the pins are thus relieved from its pressure. The pulley is mountednpon a spring, (1 secured to the frame of the instrument under thewheel, and adapted for adjustment by any suitable means to regulate thetension of the holding-band. The pulley and spring are an rangedslightly in rear of the wheel, as shown in Figs. 1. and S. Y

m and m are two sleeves, mounted loosely upon the shaft lfl. one on eachside of the wheel, and provided with radial arms on, projecting to thefront and rear of the shaft upon opposite sides of the wheel. Twoframes, n and or', are mounted one upon each of these arms, so as tomove freely toward and from the sleeves. They are constructedsubstantially alike. and for this reason it is only necessary to give adetailed description of one in order to a full understanding of both.

The frame M, which is the one I have selected for description, iscomposed of the following parts, to wit: Nearest the sleeve is asegmental brace or guide, a, fitted upon the radial arm in", andcarrying at its ends two radial diverging arms, of, which. extend to theperiphery of the wheel, and are theresecured This wheel is firmly to oneedge of a slotted segmental strip or plate, a. This plate lies in aplane at right angles to the diverging arms, and extends lat-' erallyover the wheel, so that the latter shall project slightly through itsslot, as shown, the lower end of the framebeing curvedor bent outward toprevent it from coming in contact with the band when moved forward withthe wheel.

The inner proximate edges of the slot are formed with severalprojections, n which are held down upon the ends ofthe pins upon eachside of the wheel by the tension of a flat spring, at, connecting thetwo diverging arms of the frame, and secured centrally to the radial armm of the sleeve. The frames are thus supported upon and by the pins witha yielding pressure, so that the wheel shall revolve and carry the pinsout from under the projections without moving the frames. The framesthus remain stationary, while the wheel revolves until such times as theprojections are locked to the pinsfor the purpose of moving the frames.

The proj ections n are not arranged directly opposite'each other acrossthe slots; but the spaces in one. edge are opposite to and receive theprojections in the other edge.

The frame a is employed for calling a station into the main line toreceive and reproduce a message, and the frame a is employed to throwthe station out of communication with the transmittingstation when themessage has been sent. The frame n therefore,

- is the medium to be influenced by the callingin symbols cut in therecord immediately precedingthe message to be transmitted, and the framea is the medium to be influenced by the throwing-out symbols cut in therecord immediately after the message.

\Vhen it is desired to call in a station for the reception andreproduction of a message, the signals for such station are firsttransmitted and actuate the receiving-magnet at the receivingstation, soas to send the primary current from the local battery through thecallingin and reproducing*magnets. The vibratory changes ofthetrack-fingers at the tran smittiu g-st-ation change the polarity ofthe several magnets at the receiving-station, as

already explained, to oscillate their respective cross'shafts, Thisoscillation of the crossshaft in the calling-in magnet vibrates the upiright arms (1, and causes the inclined plates m thereon to alternatelystrike the ends of,

the pins in therevolving wheel E and move them through the flanges inopposite directions. The pins are, therefore, set by the calling-insignals, a'nd when the wheel has revolvcd far enough to bring the setpins round to the frame a they will not be under the'pro jections a" butwithin the spaces'bctween them. The projections being thus-removed fromunder the pins, the tension ofthe spring a pulls the frame 02 toward thesleeve m within the path of the set pins, so that thelat ter shall bearagainstthe notched lower edges of the projections n when the wheelrevolves in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 8, and carry the frame awith them about two-fifths of a revolution of the wheel. It is thenagain moved out from the sleeve and remains stationary outside the pinsof the moving wheel until it is carried back by suitable means to thepoint from whence it started. This backward movement takes place onlyafter the message has been received and reproduced, and the frame a isbeing moved by the'throwing-out signals. In the frame a" the upper edgesof the projections n" are notched instead of the lower edges, as in theframe a and the arrangement of the notches is necessarily different inthe two frames in order to indicate different signals.

The configuration of the projections in each frame of a station mustcorrespond to the calling-in and tlJIOWlIlg-Olll) signals whichrepresent that station. For example, if the repetition of the symbol forletter A four times is the signal for a station, then the outlinesdescribed by the projections of its frames must be the same as theoutlines described by the pins on under the impulscsof the reciprocatingsetting-plates m, induced, continued, and governed by such repetitionsof the symbol. When, therefore, the wheel at the receivingstationrevolves so that the outlines of the pins coincide with those formed bythe projections on one or the other of the frames, the latter will bedrawn toward the sleeve to engage with the pins, as above described.

The throwing-out signal may be the same as the calling-in signal of thesame station; but if the latter is the repetition of a letter severaltimes, say A four times, then it would perhaps be preferable to increasethe number of repetitions for the former, say A five times; but I preferto employ a different letter ,for the throwingout signal.

Each station must have its separate signal, and its frames must be madeto correspond therewith, so that the signal from one station shall neveroperate or otherwise affect the frame at another station, and eachstation is provided with the signals 1'01- all the others.

Since, however, in transmitting a message from one station, all themagnets at all the other stations of the line are affected by the changein the direction of the transmittingcurrent, it follows that the pins mat every station, including that which transmits the message, will bedisplaced by the reciprocations of the plates m but that only the framea at the called'station will be affected to set the reproducingmechanism in motion.

To restore the alignment of the pins, with their ends in the same planeupon opposite sides of the wheel, two beveled uprights, (1 are securedto a plate, E, on the bed of the instrument, and rise upon each side ofthe wheel, adjoining the path of the pins. The plate E is fastened tothe bed of the frame,

ing the action of the plates.

in front of the tension-roller m, and holds the uprights in rear of thereciprocating settingplates at on the arms of the calling-in magnet,

so that the rotation of the wheel shall carry the pins between theuprights before receiv- The uprights are beveled from the rear inwardtoward the wheel, thewidest space between them being a little greaterthan the whole space occupied by the pins when driven to the right andleft, and the narrowest spacejust sufficient to allow the passage of thepins between them when their ends are in line each side the wheel.Vvhen, therefore, the pins have been moved by the setting-plates, thewheel carries them round to the beveled uprights q", by which they areagain ranged in line with each other preparatory to the next action ofthe plates. Thus the pins are aligned at each revolution of the wheel atevery station. There is a liability that the action of thesetting-plates will drive the pins too far through the wheel to properlyregister with the frames; and to preventthis two other beveled uprights,Q3, are employed, rising from the bed of the instrument, or from theplate E, upon opposite sides of the wheel, in front of thesetting-plates, as shown in Figs. 8 and 10. They are placed fartherapart than the uprights but are beveled in the same.

direction, their inner edges being separated just far enough to permitthe passage of the pins when set to the proper point. If, however, thepins are driven too far by the settingplates, they will strike thebeveled faces of the uprights, and be moved back thereby, through thewheel, into the proper position for registering with the frames.

In case the uprights and g are mounted upon the plate E, the lattershould be slotted for the passage and movement of the vibrating arms d,which carry the setting-plates.

The calling-in frame a is so arranged that its lower diverging arm ashall stand at a point, 41 at the front of the wheel. It thereforestarts fl om this point when drawn toward the sleeve m to engage withthe pins or, and moves forward with the sleeve aml wheel until its upperdiverging arm n reaches a point, 19 at the top of the wheel, when it isdisconnected from, and thrown outside of, the pins by the followingmechanism, there to remain until the message has been received andreproduced.

p is a rod, secured at one end to the segmental brace n of the frame,from which it extends to a collar, 0 formed upon the outer end of thesleeve or. its outer end tits within a radial slot of the collar, so asto work freely toward and from the sleeve with the movements of theframe. W'hen the frame Wis moving forward with the wheel, and justbefore its upper diverging arm reaches the limit 11 of its throw, thepoint of an uptight cam or arm, 19 secured to the bed of the instrument,so as to curve from the rear over the top of the sleeve of, passesbetween the latter and that their upper ends shall lie one in the rod1), as shown in Fl 13 of the drawings. The rod then rides along theouter edge of the cam, and is moved by its increasing width outward fromthe sleeve until the frame a reaches the pointp when it is entirelydisconnected from, and thrown outside of, the engaging-pins, and ceasesto move with the wheel. The cam holds the projections of the frame outof contact with the pins, to prevent the wear of these parts byfriction, and to guard against their casual movement by catching intoeach other.

The throwing'out frame a is also connected by a rod, 1), to a collar, 0at the end of the sleeve m and, being arranged in rear of the shaft E,starts from a point, a, at the upper side of the wheel, when drawntoward the sleeve to engage the set pins. It stands with its upperdiverging arm a at the point a", and its forward movement, with thewheel, terminates when the lower diverging; arm n reaches a point, 19 atthe back of the wheel..

At 19 the frame a is thrown outside of, and held out of contact with,the engaging-pins, and ceases to move with the wheel, by means of anupright pointed cam, p mounted upon the bed of the instrument, as shownin Fig. 12, the operation being the eration of the frame 01 p aml p areangu lar levers, pivoted at their angles to the sides of the uprightcams p and 1), respectively. They are arranged in opposite directions,so front of the i let-H11 and the other in rear of the sleeve m. Theirlower ends are weighted and provided with adjusting-screws a, which areadapted to rest upon bearing-surfaces a, formed upon extensions of theupright pointed cams, as shown in Figs. 12 and 13.

When the throwing-out frame stands at its highest point upon the wheel,out of contact with the pins, the front side of the bar 19 rests uponthe upper end of the lever p, to lock the frame against forward movementuntil it is drawn toward the sleeve. When this takes place the bar alsomoves inward and clears the end of the lever, thereby releasing theframe, so that it can move forward with the wheel to the point f, asabove described.

The upper end of the lever 19, in order to lock the calling-in frame apasses up in front of the bar 19 and is notched o1- recessed to fit oversuch bar, when the frame is at its lowest point upon the wheel, out ofcontact with the pins. The catch-lever thus locks the frame against anyforward movement untilthe throwingout signal for the station isreceived, when the bar 19 moves inward to clear the end of the lever andrelease the frame, so that it may move forward with the wheel, the sameas the frame a The upper ends of the two locking-levers are preventedfrom moving with or following the bars inward by means of theadjustingscrews a", which screws also serve to regulate the distancebetween the levers and sleeves same as the op-.

for the passage of the frame-bars p The frames are arranged to moveforward with the wheel at different times, and to move back against-itsrevolution one after the other-that is to say, when the calling-in frameis moving forward with the wheel the throwing-out frame is riding backclear of the pins,

and when the throwing-out frame is moving forward the calling-in frameis moving back to its normal position.

The mechanism for moving the frames back consists of two arms, 0 0secured, respectively, to the outer ends of the sleeves m and at, so asto extend downward through slots in the bed of the instrument, wherethey are pivoted by rods 0 to the extremities of a long lever orworking-beam, 0 hung at its center to the rear under side of the bed.When, therefore, the movement of either frame operates itssupportingsleeve, the workingbeam, through its connecting parts, willmove the sleeve of the other frame in the opposite direction.

For the purpose of securing accuracy and certainty in the operation ofthe frame, the movements of the working-beam are sharpened and quickenedby the action of a jointed springlever, in the fol owing manner: 1" isthe lever, secured at its rear end r to the instrument, and extendingforward to connect with one arm of the working-beam by a short pivotedrod, Q8. A spring, q", secured to the bed of the instrument, forces thelever toward the connecting-rod, and when the oscillations of theworking-beam carry its arm in front and rear of the joint formed by thelever and rod, the spring acts to throw it quickly against the front orrear stop-pins r r,,which limit the sweep of the-beam, as shown inFig.3.

The reproducing devices are constructed aml operate as follows: l is aguide-bed, secured to atubular bearing, 0, which tits upon an uprightshaft, O, at the rear of the instrument, so as to hold the guide-bedinline with the teed-cylinder D. The upright shaftis insulated from themain frame, and the guide-bed, in its general features, is constructedthe same as the guide-bed of the transmitting devices--to wit, with anadjustable gageside, I, an adjustable spring pressure-bar, z, and aweighted cover or pressure-piece, 1', having a handle, 2, and adapted tooperate the sliding cross-bars z when swung open, and to bear upon thepoint of an adjustingscrew, z, in the bed when closed.

c is a shelf or arm, attached by a sleeve, 0 to the tubular bearing ofthe guide-bed, and extending forward umler the latter to support thereproducinganagnet D, as shown in Fig. 18. A short arm, projecting fromthe tubular bearing carries a set-screw, 0",

which enters a corresponding arm, 0", of the sleeve, to support theshelf and regulate the position of the magnet'knives with respect to theguide-bed. c is a flat spring, connecting the shelf with an adjustableholder upon one of the uprights of the frame, to permit a slight lateralswing of the guide-bed and magnet, for the purpose of compensating forany irregularities'in the movements of the paper fillet over theguide-bed.

(t are blocks mounted upon the permanent magnetic needles of themagnet 1) upon opposite sides of the rock-slmft, to limit theoscillations of the latter by contact with the covers 0 O, and supportthe pivoted upright. arms a.

b are guide-blocks secured to the frontend I 'ofthe bed, in continuationthereof, and grooved vertically to receive the upper ends of the arms a,which are curved or bent so as to stand parallel toeach other within thegrooves. The upper ends of the arms are also slotted for the passageofpins which extend through the blocks to guide the movements of the arms.

b b are pointed reversible slittiug-lulives, adjustably attached to thearms a by means of the slotted blocks and set-screws Z2 so that theirpoints shall project through the grooves in the guide-blocks above theupper surface of the bed, when the arms are reciprocated by theoscillations of the needles in the magnet D. The cutting-edges of theknives stand at the rear next the guide-bed, so as to slit the fillet ofpaper as it is drawn along by the cylinder.

I) I) are guide-blocks, secured to the cover of the guidebed by meansol"set-screws 31", so that their slots shall register with the slots in theguide-blocks I).

Each block b carries an embossing roller or style, I to bear down, underthe weight of the cover, upon the fillet of paper as it passes over thebed, and form parallel grooves therein by pressing it into the groovesof the lower blocks (1. The rollers also expand or widen the slits inthe record. The guide-blocks I, are properly grooved for this purpose,such grooves being the requisite. distance apart to register with thegrooves in the thed-cylimler l), and the grooves ot'the transmittingdevices. Any preferred design may be given to the embossed tracks in thepaper, by giving a correspondingform to the grooves in the guideblocltsb, or to the periphery ofthc embossingrollers.

India-rubber blocks 0 are secured within the guide-blocks L to bear downupon the points of the slitting-knives, and insure their cutting, suchbearing-blocks being adjusted by set-screws b.

V is a pressure-roller covered with leather or other elastic material,and mounted upon the lower end of a lever, V, so as to hold the filletof paper in contact with the front side of the feed-cylinder 1) when thepaper is being drawn forward. The lever is pivoted centrally to one ofthe uprights of the frame, and carries one end of an adjustable spring,K, the other end of which is secured to the pivot, the purpose of suchspring being i .every change in the message currents.

.net is changed, the slitting-knives to bear thepressure-rolleragainstthe feedcylinder. The upper end of the lever terminates in afinger-piece, J, by pressing upon which the roller Vis removed fromcontact with the i'eed-oylimler, in which position it may be held, whendesired, by any convenient locking device.

q is a lever hung at g to the upright of the frame beneath thefeed-cylinder, with its upper end lying against the inner side of a pinprojecting from the end of the pressure-roller V, and its lower endagainst a cam, 0 mounted upon the sleeve m of the calling-in frame. Theform and position of this cam upon the sleeve are such as to throw theupper end of the lever 9 forward, and hold the pressure-roller V out ofcontact with the feedeylinder, when the paper fillet is not in operationover the reciprocating slittingknives.

The reproducing mechanismis made ready for operation to reproduce amessage by laying a plain uncut fillet of paper upon the guidebed, underthe weighted cover, passing over the feed-cylinder l), downward behindthe pressure-roller.

When the signal for calling in the station causes the calling-in frame ato move forward with the registeringwheel, the sleeve m moves with it,as already described, and carries the short radius of the cam 0 againstthe lower end of the lever g. This releases the pressure-roller V, sothat its spring K shall bear the fillet'ot' paper against the feed-c3linder I), to be fed forward.

As already explained, the induced or message currents of the main lineoperate the receiving-maguet, while corresponding currents direct fromthe local battery of a station operate the calliugin and reproducingmaguetsat \Vheu, therefore, the polarity of the reproducing-inagarealternately reciprocated through the moving paper to form the slitstherein. The length ofsuch slits corresponds to the period of time eachknife is held upward, while. the paper is moving at a uniform rate ofspeed, and the duration of their respective upward throws ceases onlywith the changes of the track-fingers in the transmitting-instrument. Ittherefore follows that the slits reproduced in the fillet ot' paperatthe receiving-station will be t'ac-similes of those forming the recordat the transmittingstatiou, provided the fillets of paper move at thesame speed.

The method of effecting a uniform movement of the paper at all thestations 1 will presently describe.

The calling-in frame of the receiving station is held forward upon theregistering-wheel until all the message has been received and thethrowing-outframe brought into action, when it moves back upon thewheel, so that the cam 0 shall again operate the lever to throw thepressureroller V out of contact with the feed-cylinder, and stop thefurther

